Mini PC and Raspberry Pi AI: The 2026 Landscape and Picks

The most important fact about running AI on mini PCs and Raspberry Pis in 2026 is that what decides speed is not the TOPS number but memory bandwidth (GB/s). Marketing shouts "67 TOPS!" and "40 TOPS NPU!", but an LLM's token-generation speed is bound by the bandwidth of reading model parameters out of memory for every token. That leads to a counterintuitive conclusion: adding an NPU HAT usually doesn't speed up an LLM, and can even slow it down (NPUs are for vision). And the market's three tiers - Raspberry Pi (edge), Jetson (GPU edge), Strix Halo mini PC (capacity king) - are not competitors but different tools. In short: pick a tier by the largest model you'll actually run, and look at GB/s and measured tok/s, not TOPS.

In plain terms: LLM inference is like hauling water by the bucket. The compute unit (TOPS) is "arm strength for shoveling," but the real bottleneck is the hose diameter (memory bandwidth). No matter how strong the arm, a thin hose (34GB/s) trickles. Strix Halo makes the hose 7-8x thicker (256GB/s); an NPU HAT bolts on "a stronger arm," so if the hose is unchanged it does nothing for LLMs.

Does adding an NPU HAT actually speed up an LLM?

Mostly no - NPU HATs were built for vision (cameras, object detection). In hands-on tests, a bare Pi 5 actually beat a $130 Hailo AI HAT+ on LLM tok/s, and an x86 N100 mini PC was over 1.5x faster than the bare Pi. NPUs don't rescue LLMs for the reason above - bandwidth doesn't increase. One exception arrived in 2026: the AI HAT+ 2 (Hailo-10H) adds dedicated 8GB LPDDR4X and PCIe 3.0 to hit 30-50 tok/s on Llama 3.2 1B and ~9 tok/s on Qwen2 1.5B - the only sub-$100 board that accelerates a real LLM. The whole system runs under 10W (3.4W accelerator). But it only supports up to the 1.5B class; anything larger falls back to the Pi's CPU.

2026 edge/SBC AI three tiers - bandwidth, measured tok/s, power, price (public benchmark, observed snapshot) · columns: Tier, Bandwidth / measured (observed), Power / price · 출처 Hax hax.moche.ai/en/p/1112?ref=ai_answer

Tier | Bandwidth / measured (observed) | Power / price
Raspberry Pi 5 8GB (CPU) | ~34GB/s / Gemma 2B 8-15, 3B 2-5, 7B <2 tok/s | <10W / $80-150
Pi 5 + AI HAT+ 2 (Hailo-10H) | Llama 3.2 1B 30-50 tok/s (<=1.5B only) | <10W / <$100 add-on
Jetson Orin Nano Super | 67 TOPS / 2B 40-80, 8B Q4 double-digit tok/s | 7-25W / $249-299
Strix Halo mini PC 128GB | ~256GB/s / 70B ~5, gpt-oss-120B MoE 31-40 tok/s | 60-150W / $1200-3300

So what actually decides speed?

Memory bandwidth sets the ceiling on token-generation speed - that's the core physics of edge AI. The Pi 5 at about 34GB/s is slow even at 3B (2-5 tok/s) and impractical at 7B (<2 tok/s). Strix Halo (Ryzen AI Max+ 395) drives 128GB of unified memory at ~256GB/s and holds a 70B on a single power brick - yet a dense 70B still manages only about 5 tok/s. That's why MoE is the sweet spot: a sparse mixture-of-experts model like gpt-oss-120B fires only a fraction of its parameters per token, hitting 31-40 tok/s on the same box. So on a bandwidth-limited machine you get the paradox that a sparse 120B is faster than a dense 70B. Jetson beating the Pi by 4-6x is likewise about CUDA GPU + bandwidth, not TOPS.

Which of the three tiers should you buy?

The largest model you'll actually run decides the tier - not the spec-sheet number. (1) For small, private, always-on tasks (smart-home commands, note summaries, translation), the Pi 5 ($80-150, <10W) is the answer; add the AI HAT+ 2 if you need 1-1.5B at conversational speed. (2) If AI is your only goal and you want 7B in real time, the Jetson Orin Nano Super ($249-299) crushes the Pi (CUDA, TensorRT). (3) To run 32B-70B or 120B locally at full quality, get a Strix Halo 128GB mini PC - Beelink GTR9 Pro for a networked inference server (dual 10GbE, ROCm), GMKtec EVO-X2 for value, Minisforum MS-S1 MAX for expansion (PCIe x16). Note that DRAM prices jumped ~90% in Q1 2026, so 128GB box pricing swings.

So what's the 2026 mini-PC / edge-AI recommendation?

The key is pick by bandwidth and measured tok/s, not the TOPS number.

Always-on edge / small: Pi 5 (<10W, $80-150). Add the AI HAT+ 2 (Hailo-10H, <=1.5B) for conversational 1B. Don't mistake an NPU HAT for a general AI accelerator.

AI-only / 7B real-time: Jetson Orin Nano Super ($249-299, CUDA). Factor in setup difficulty and fan noise.

Large models locally at full quality: Strix Halo 128GB mini PC (~256GB/s). MoE (gpt-oss-120B) beats dense 70B - that's the sweet spot. Watch DRAM pricing.

Related reading: 로컬 코딩 보조 모델 2026: 직접 돌려보고 고른 현황과 추천, Ollama·LM Studio·llama.cpp 실행기, 2026년에는 무엇을 고를까?

Related reading: 미니PC·라즈베리파이 AI, 직접 돌려본 속도·품질 비교, 미니PC·라즈베리파이 AI, 5분 시작 가이드(초보자용)

Reference links

Raspberry Pi official docs (GitHub)

NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano (dev kit)

llama.cpp (edge CPU/GPU inference)

AMD ROCm (Strix Halo GPU backend)

SBC LLM inference evaluation (arXiv 2025)

Note: figures like bandwidth (34-256GB/s), tok/s (1B 30-50 / 70B ~5 / 120B MoE 31-40), TOPS (67), power (3.4W-150W), and price ($80-3300) are 2026 public and community-measured numbers that vary by model, quantization, JetPack/ROCm version, and cooling (not permanent). An NPU HAT's LLM performance depends heavily on firmware and supported models, and DRAM prices swing quarter to quarter. Cross-check the maker's benchmark page and current tok/s before buying. Edge-AI hardware and prices move fast, so this is reviewed quarterly.