Open-Weight vs Closed Models: The 2026 Landscape and Picks

The biggest shift in open-weight vs. closed models in 2026 is that the question moved from "which is smarter" to "how do you run it". The 30-plus-point benchmark gap of 2024 has narrowed to 3-8 points on most tasks (Epoch estimates closed leads by less than a year), and coding and math are effectively tied. So the decision is now driven not by capability but by TCO (total cost of ownership), privacy, and version stability. And a myth that must die: open weights are not "free" - the download is free, but running it in production costs 3-5x the hardware price. In short: the era of choosing by capability is over, and how you deploy now matters more than which model you pick.

In plain terms: open vs. closed is like cooking yourself vs. ordering delivery. Even if the ingredients (model weights) are free, the kitchen, stove, dishwashing, and a standing chef (GPU, ops, engineer time) are the real cost. For the occasional meal (variable traffic), delivery (API) is cheaper; for steady bulk every day (fixed high volume), cooking yourself (self-host) wins. And for a secret recipe you can't show anyone (sensitive data), it must be cooked in-house regardless of price.

First, the terms: open-weight vs closed#

In one line. Open-weight means you can download the model's weights (files) and run it on your own servers (DeepSeek, Qwen, GLM, etc.); closed means the weights aren't released and you use it only via an API (GPT, Claude, Gemini). Open keeps data inside your perimeter but you carry the GPU and ops; closed has zero ops but your data leaves and you're bound to vendor policy.

How big is the capability gap right now?#

It has narrowed to 3-8 points on most tasks, 5-15 at the widest - the 30-point cliff of 2024 is gone. Epoch AI estimates the closed leader is less than a year ahead of the open leader (though public benchmarks may understate the real gap by ~2x). The remaining closed edge is concentrated in specific areas - hard science reasoning (GPQA Diamond, Humanity's Last Exam) by 3-8 points, abstract reasoning (ARC-AGI-2) by up to 17 points (Gemini 3.1 Pro 77.1% vs. DeepSeek V4-Pro 59.8%), and 20-30 step long-horizon agents. The top 15 of the LM Arena human-preference board are all closed, with the best open model GLM-5.1 at #16. But coding is effectively tied - MiniMax M2.5 scores 80.2% on SWE-bench Verified, matching Claude Opus 4.6 (80.8%), and DeepSeek V4-Pro is at 80.6%. Note that the oft-cited MMLU is already saturated (88-94%) and no longer separates the frontier.

2026 open-weight vs closed - edge by axis (public benchmark, observed snapshot, measured) · columns: Axis, Open-weight (DeepSeek/Qwen/MiMo/GLM), Closed (GPT/Claude/Gemini) · 출처 Hax hax.moche.ai/en/p/1114?ref=ai_answer

Axis | Open-weight (DeepSeek/Qwen/MiMo/GLM) | Closed (GPT/Claude/Gemini)
Hard reasoning/science | 3-8 pts behind (GPQA, HLE) | edge
Abstract reasoning (ARC-AGI-2) | 59.8% | 77.1% (up to 17-pt gap)
Coding (SWE-bench Verified) | 80.2-80.6% (tied) | 80.8%
Token price | 10-100x cheaper (DeepSeek ~34x) | expensive (premium)
Privacy/version stability | self-host = no data egress, no retirement | API = external send, vendor deprecation

목차

They say open is free - is it actually cheaper?

So what should you actually pick by?

So what's the 2026 recommendation?

They say open is free - is it actually cheaper?#

No - only the download is free; production TCO is 3-5x the hardware price. The GPU bill is not the real bill: deploying, monitoring, patching, and incident response consume 20-30% of a senior engineer's time ($3,000-6,000/month) continuously. Break-even also depends on what you compare against - vs. frontier closed models, self-hosting wins around 2-5M tokens/day, but vs. cheap open APIs (DeepInfra, Together, Fireworks) you need 50M+ tokens/day. The clincher is the utilization trap: self-hosting beats serverless only when the GPU runs above 60% around the clock - "high and steady is rewarded, spiky is punished." So below ~100M tokens/month, serverless open APIs are usually cheaper. A measured example: a RAG pipeline (100k requests/month) runs $2,275/month on GPT-5.2 versus about $168 on serverless DeepSeek V3.2.

So what should you actually pick by?#

Pick by three axes - privacy, volume, version stability - not capability - and it's usually a portfolio, not one model (F5 research: enterprises run an average of 7 models, 78% doing some inference themselves). (1) For sensitive data or residency (health, finance, defense), only self-hosted open weights keep data inside your perimeter, price aside. (2) For fixed high volume and low latency, self-host; for variable, spiky traffic, closed/serverless APIs. (3) For a regulated, validated agent, a closed model's silent deprecation (the March 2026 GPT-4o snapshot retirements) becomes a compliance event, so the version stability of downloaded open weights is safer. Caution: some first-party APIs like DeepSeek train on your data (Western hosts don't, but cost ~2x), and Qwen, MiMo, MiniMax, and DeepSeek ship under bespoke, non-Apache licenses (production caps, ethical-use clauses) - read the license before you sign.

So what's the 2026 recommendation?#

The key is the capability gap has closed, so choose by deployment.

Hard reasoning, long-horizon agents, top human preference: closed (GPT, Claude, Gemini) still leads by 3-8 points. For variable traffic, APIs mean zero ops cost.

Coding, math, high-volume low-cost: open weights (DeepSeek, Qwen, MiniMax) are tied and 10-100x cheaper - but self-host only pays off at fixed high volume and >60% utilization.

Sensitive data, version stability: self-hosted open weights (no egress, no retirement). Read the license and data-training policy. The conclusion is a portfolio - "deployment matters more than the model."

Related reading: 오픈웨이트 vs 클로즈드, 5분 시작 가이드(초보자용), 로컬 AI 에이전트에 좋은 오픈웨이트 LLM 고르기 (2026)

Related reading: 유료 모델 1/30 값에 비등하는 오픈웨이트 AI — DeepSeek V4, Ollama·LM Studio·llama.cpp 실행기, 2026 현황과 추천

Reference links

Epoch AI - open vs closed gap tracking

LMSYS Chatbot Arena (human-preference leaderboard)

DeepSeek (open-weight frontier)

Qwen (Alibaba open weights)

OpenRouter - open-weight traffic insights

Note: figures like the gap (3-8 pts, 17 pts), benchmarks (SWE-bench ~80%, MMLU-Pro 4 pts), pricing (10-100x, $168 vs $2,275), break-even (2-5M / 50M+ tok/day), and utilization (60%) are 2026 public, commercial-leaderboard, and vendor data that shift weekly by version, provider, and workload (not permanent; many vendor-reported). Model names and prices change especially often, so verify the live pricing page and license before committing. The open/closed landscape moves fast, so this is reviewed quarterly.