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*{box-sizing:border-box}html,body{margin:0;padding:0}html{background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:88px}body{min-height:100vh;min-height:100svh;background:var(--bg);color:var(--fg);font-family:var(--font);font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:-0.012em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}::selection{background:#0a0a0a;color:#fff}h1,h2,.type-headline,.row-title,.r-title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
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.masthead{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:100;padding:20px var(--side-pad);padding-top:max(20px,env(safe-area-inset-top));transition:all 400ms var(--ease);background:transparent}.masthead.is-scrolled{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85);backdrop-filter:blur(12px)}.mastbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;align-items:center;gap:24px;max-width:var(--container);margin:0 auto}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:24px;gap:10px;justify-self:start;background:transparent;border:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer}.node-mark{width:24px;height:24px;display:block}.wordmark{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600}.tagline{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;font-weight:400;color:var(--fg-muted);padding-left:10px;border-left:1px solid var(--line-soft);white-space:nowrap}.nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;justify-self:end}.nav a,.nav button,.text-btn,.back,.tag-chip,.copy-link{min-height:24px;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid transparent;background:transparent;padding:8px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg);cursor:pointer;transition:background 280ms var(--ease),color 280ms var(--ease),border-color 280ms var(--ease)}.nav a:hover,.nav button:hover,.nav a[aria-current=true],.nav button[aria-current=true]{background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg)}.route-no{opacity:.4;margin-right:6px}.progress-track{position:fixed;left:0;right:0;top:72px;height:1px;background:var(--line-soft);z-index:99}.progress-fill{height:1px;background:var(--fg);width:0;transition:width 100ms linear}@keyframes hax-read-progress{from{transform:scaleX(0)}to{transform:scaleX(1)}}@supports (animation-timeline:scroll()){@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.progress-fill{width:100%;transform-origin:left;transform:scaleX(0);will-change:transform;animation-name:hax-read-progress;animation-duration:auto;animation-timing-function:linear;animation-timeline:scroll(root block)}}}
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.hero-evidence{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--fg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);margin-top:2px}.evidence-cell{display:grid;gap:3px;min-width:0;padding:12px 10px 13px;border-right:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.evidence-cell:last-child{border-right:0}.evidence-cell strong{display:block;font-size:18px;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:0;font-weight:800;color:var(--fg);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.evidence-cell small{display:block;font-size:11px;line-height:1.35;color:var(--fg-muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.evidence-cell:hover,.evidence-cell:focus-visible{background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg)}.evidence-cell:hover .micro,.evidence-cell:focus-visible .micro,.evidence-cell:hover strong,.evidence-cell:focus-visible strong,.evidence-cell:hover small,.evidence-cell:focus-visible small{color:var(--bg)}
.article-head{margin:0 0 42px;padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.article-head h1,.compose h1,.about h1,.published h1{font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,52px);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1.05;margin:0 0 18px;word-break:keep-all;text-wrap:balance}.article-meta{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;color:var(--fg-muted)}.article-body{max-width:min(var(--read),70ch);font-size:clamp(1rem,0.875rem + 0.5vw,1.125rem);line-height:1.8;letter-spacing:-.003em;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--fg) 86%,var(--bg));white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-wrap:pretty}html[lang="ko"] .article-body{max-width:var(--read-cjk);word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:anywhere}/* CJK 로케일 측정폭(BLO-3723 후속): 한국어 본문 em기준 ~38 CJK자/행(WCAG1.4.8 상한40) */.article-body p{margin:0 0 1.6em}.article-body h2{font-weight:700;font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.016em;margin:2.5em 0 .7em}.article-body h4{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg-muted);font-weight:500;margin:2em 0 .7em}.lead-in{font-weight:700;color:var(--fg);margin-right:.35rem}blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--fg);margin:1.8em 0;padding-left:14px;color:var(--fg-muted)}code,pre{font-family:var(--mono);background:var(--line-soft)}code{padding:1px 4px;border-radius:2px}pre{padding:12px 14px;overflow:auto}.comments,.related,.subscribe-wrap{max-width:var(--read);margin-top:58px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding-top:18px}.comments,.related{content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:auto 360px}.comments h2,.related h2,.sub-label,.section-kicker{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}.comment{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding:16px 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0}.text-btn,.copy-link{border-color:var(--line);font-size:11px;padding:8px 12px;transition:background 200ms var(--ease),color 200ms var(--ease),border-color 200ms var(--ease)}.hint,.tips,.pub-sub,.share-link{color:var(--fg-muted)}.hint{font-size:12px;margin:8px 0 0;min-height:1em}.hint.good{color:var(--fg)}.hint.warn{color:var(--fg)}.tips{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13px}.tips summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}.tips ul{margin:10px 0 0;padding-left:1.1rem}.related .post-list:after{display:none}.r-entry .row-title{font-size:18px}.sub-row{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.sub-row .input{flex:1;min-width:220px}.sub-pitch{margin:-8px 0 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--fg-muted);max-width:52ch}.hero-subscribe{border:1px solid var(--fg);padding:16px;margin-top:10px}.hero-subscribe>p{margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--fg)}.hero-subscribe .text-btn{background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg);border-color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}.hero-subscribe .text-btn:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--fg) 82%,var(--bg));color:var(--bg)}.hero-subscribe form,.hero-subscribe .subscribe{margin:0}.hero-subscribe input[type=email]{flex:1;min-width:200px;background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--fg);font-size:16px;padding:9px 12px}.hero-subscribe input[type=email]:focus{outline:2px solid var(--fg);outline-offset:2px}.hero-subscribe label{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.share-row{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;margin:20px 0}.text-link{border-color:transparent}.toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:24px;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--fg);color:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 14px;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity 200ms var(--ease);z-index:120;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.toast.show{opacity:1}.grain{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;pointer-events:none;opacity:.04;mix-blend-mode:multiply;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160' viewBox='0 0 160 160'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.9' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='160' height='160' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='.55'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.fade-in{opacity:0;transform:translateY(20px);transition:opacity 400ms var(--ease),transform 400ms var(--ease)}.fade-in.is-visible{opacity:1;transform:none}
::view-transition-old(root),::view-transition-new(root){animation-duration:220ms}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){::view-transition-group(*),::view-transition-old(*),::view-transition-new(*){animation:none!important}}
@keyframes blink{0%,49%{opacity:1}50%,100%{opacity:0}}
@media(max-width:900px){.masthead{padding-bottom:16px}.mastbar{grid-template-columns:1fr auto}.nav{gap:0}.route-no{display:none}.wordmark{max-width:38vw;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.progress-track{top:68px}main.shell{padding-top:144px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;margin-bottom:56px}.eyebrow{margin-bottom:0}.row{grid-template-columns:48px 1fr 24px;gap:14px;padding:22px 0}.row-date,.row-tag,.row-time{display:none}.row:hover,.row:focus-visible{margin:0;padding:22px 0;background:transparent;color:var(--fg)}.row:hover .micro,.row:focus-visible .micro{color:var(--fg-muted)}.grain{display:none}}
@media(max-width:700px){.tagline{max-width:42vw;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding-left:8px}.masthead{padding-bottom:14px;background:var(--bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);backdrop-filter:none}.masthead.is-scrolled{background:var(--bg);backdrop-filter:none}.mastbar{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}.mastbar>.micro{display:none}.brand{min-width:0}.wordmark{max-width:28vw}.nav{justify-self:end;min-width:0;gap:2px}.nav a,.nav button{padding:6px 8px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em}#navAbout{display:none}.progress-track{top:72px}main.shell{padding-top:128px}.type-headline{font-size:clamp(30px,9vw,46px)}}
@media(max-width:640px){.nav button{padding:6px 8px;font-size:11px}.brand{gap:8px}.node-mark{width:24px}.intro{font-size:17px}.hero-evidence{grid-template-columns:1fr}.evidence-cell{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.evidence-cell:last-child{border-bottom:0}.split{grid-template-columns:1fr}.sub-row{display:block}.subscribe-wrap .text-btn{width:100%;margin-top:8px}.sub-row .input{min-width:0}.share-row .text-btn{width:100%}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*:before,*:after{animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}.caret{animation:none}.fade-in{opacity:1;transform:none}.progress-fill{transition:none}}

.post-img{max-width:var(--read);margin:34px 0}.post-img img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.post-img figcaption{margin-top:8px;color:var(--fg-muted)}.post-img.missing-media{margin:22px 0;padding:12px 14px;border:1px dashed var(--line-soft);border-radius:6px;color:var(--fg-muted);background:color-mix(in srgb,currentColor 4%,transparent)}
.site-footer{max-width:var(--container);margin:0 auto;padding:0 var(--side-pad) 44px;color:var(--fg-muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.6}.foot-links{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding-top:16px}.foot-links a{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg)}.foot-links a[aria-current="page"]{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.foot-note{max-width:var(--read);margin:12px 0 0}.foot-note a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

.hero .lang-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:24px;margin-top:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--fg);padding-bottom:2px;font-weight:600}
.discovery-map{margin:0 0 42px;padding:22px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.discovery-map .section-kicker{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}
.discovery-map .filters{margin-bottom:22px}
.discovery-map .r-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.discovery-map .r-list a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding:14px 0}
.discovery-map .r-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.2}
@media(max-width:700px){.discovery-map .r-list a{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:6px}}
.topic-pillar{max-width:var(--read);margin:0 0 34px;padding-bottom:28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.topic-pillar h2,.topic-cluster-section h2{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:22px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.016em}.topic-summary{font-size:17px;line-height:1.78;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--fg) 88%,var(--bg))}.topic-summary p{margin:0 0 1.25em}.topic-summary strong{color:var(--fg);font-weight:800}.topic-cluster-nav{max-width:var(--read);margin:0 0 28px;padding-bottom:18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.topic-cluster-nav .filters{margin:0}.topic-clusters{max-width:var(--read);display:grid;gap:34px}.topic-cluster-section{scroll-margin-top:104px}.topic-cluster-section>p{margin:-4px 0 10px;color:var(--fg-muted)}.topic-all{margin-top:58px}.cluster-pillar{margin:-6px 0 14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--fg-muted)}.cluster-pillar a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;color:var(--fg)}
/* Windows 고대비(Forced Colors Mode): 상태 표시가 background-color 의존이라 강제 팔레트가 덮으면 활성/선택/hover가 구분 소실.
   시스템 컬러(Highlight/HighlightText)로 명시 복원 + 포커스 링 대비 + 순수 장식(grain) 제거. ref: MDN forced-colors, Smashing WHCM. */
@media(forced-colors:active){
  .tag-chip.active{background:Highlight;color:HighlightText;border-color:Highlight}
  .row:hover,.row:focus-visible,.r-list a:hover{background:Highlight;color:HighlightText}
  .row:hover .micro,.row:focus-visible .micro,.row:hover .row-arrow,.row:focus-visible .row-arrow{color:HighlightText}
  :focus-visible{outline:2px solid Highlight;outline-offset:3px}
  .progress-fill{background:Highlight}
  .grain{display:none}
}
/* INP 필터: 태그 필터가 행을 재빌드하지 않고 [hidden] 토글로 숨긴다. .row{display:grid}를 이기려면 명시 규칙 필요. */
.post-list .row[hidden]{display:none}

.lang-switch{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:2px;margin-left:6px;padding-left:8px;border-left:1px solid var(--line-soft)}.lang-opt{min-height:24px;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid transparent;padding:6px 8px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--fg-muted);text-decoration:none;transition:background 220ms var(--ease),color 220ms var(--ease)}.lang-opt:hover{color:var(--fg)}.lang-opt[aria-current=page]{color:var(--fg);font-weight:600}
/* 터치 타깃 하한(a11y_perf 지적 후속): 마우스 밀도는 유지하고 pointer:coarse에서만 인터랙티브 타깃을 ≥44px로. WCAG 2.5.5(AAA)/Apple HIG 44·Material 48. lang-opt·foot-links a·nav 등 11px 소형 링크 모바일 오터치 차단. */
@media (pointer:coarse){.nav a,.nav button,.text-btn,.back,.tag-chip,.copy-link,.row-more,.lang-opt,.foot-links a,.hero .lang-toggle,.brand{min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.foot-links{gap:16px 20px}.lang-switch{gap:6px}}